Dairy Farming NABARD

Animal Husbandry

Dairy Farming

http://www.nabard.org/modelbankprojects/animalhusbandry.asp 1. Introduction Dairying is an important source of subsidiary income to small/marginal farmers and agricultural labourers. The manure from animals provides a good source of organic matter for improving soil fertility and crop yields. The gobar gas from the dung is used as fuel for domestic purposes as also for running engines for drawing water from well. The surplus fodder and agricultural by-products are gainfully utilised for feeding the animals. Almost all draught power for farm operations and transportation is supplied by bullocks. Since agriculture is mostly seasonal, there is a possibility of finding employment throughout the year for many persons through dairy farming. Thus, dairy also provides employment throughout the year. The main beneficiaries of dairy programmes are small/marginal farmers and landless labourers. 2. Scope for Dairy Farming and its National Importance. The total milk production in the country for the year 2008-09 was estimated at 108.5 million metric tonnes and the demand is expected to be 180 million tonnes by 2020. To achieve this demand annual growth rate in milk production has to be increased from the present 2.5 % to 5% .  Thus, there is a tremendous scope/potential for increasing the milk production through profitable dairy farming. 3.Financial Assistance Available from Banks/NABARD for Dairy Farming. 3.1. Loan from banks with refinance facility from NABARD is available for starting dairy farming. For obtaining bank loan, the farmers should apply to the nearest branch of a commercial bank, regional rural bank or co-operative bank in their area in the prescribed application form which is available in the branches of financing banks. 3.2.  For dairy schemes with very large outlays, detailed project reports will have to be prepared. The items of finance would include capital asset items such as purchase of milch animals, construction of sheds, purchase of equipments etc. The feeding cost during the initial period of one/two months is capitalised and given as term loan. Cost towards land development, fencing, digging of well, commissioning of diesel engine/pumpset, electricity connections, essential servants' quarters, godown, transport vehicle, milk processing facilities etc. can be considered for loan. Cost of land is not considered for loan. 4.Scheme Formulation for bank loan 4.1 A Scheme can be prepared by a beneficiary after consulting local technical persons of State Animal Husbandry Department, DRDA, Dairy Co-operative Society / Union / Federation / commercial dairy farmers. If possible, the beneficiaries should also visit progressive dairy farms and government / military / agricultural university dairy farms in the vicinity and discuss the profitability of dairy farming. A good practical training and experience in dairy farming will be highly desirable. The dairy co-operative societies, if existing in the villages would provide all supporting facilities particularly for marketing of fluid milk. Nearness of dairy farm to such a society, veterinary aid centre, artificial insemination centre should be ensured. There is a good demand for milk, if the dairy farm is located near urban centre. 4.2 The scheme should include information on land, livestock markets,availability of water, feeds, fodder, veterinary aid, breeding facilities, marketing aspects, training facilities, experience of the farmer and the type of assistance available from State Government, dairy society/union/federation. 4.3 The scheme should also include information on the number and types of animals to be purchased, their breed, production performance, cost and other relevant input and output costs with their description. Based on this, the total cost of the project, margin money to be provided by the beneficiary, requirement of bank loan, estimated annual expenditure, income, profit and loss statement, repayment period, etc. can be worked out and shown in the Project report. A format developed for formulation of project report for a dairy farm is given as Annexure I. 5.Scrutiny of Schemes by banks. The scheme so formulated should be submitted to the nearest branch of the bank. The bank's officer can assist in preparation of the scheme or filling in the prescribed application form. The bank will then examine the scheme for its technical feasibility and economic viability. (A) Technical Feasibility - this would briefly include - 1. Nearness of the selected area to veterinary, breeding and milk collection centre and the financing bank's branch. 2. Availability of good quality animals in nearby livestock market 3. Availability of training facilities. 4.Availability of good grazing ground/lands. 5.Availability of Green/dry fodder, concentrate feed, medicines etc. 6.Availability of veterinary aid / breeding centres and milk marketing facilities near the scheme area. (B) Economic Viability - this would briefly include -  1. Unit Cost 2. Input cost for feed and fodder, veterinary aid, breeding of animals, insurance, labour and other overheads. 3.Output costs i.e. sale price of milk, manure, gunny bags, male/female calves, other miscellaneous items etc. 4.Income-expenditure statement and annual gross surplus. 5.Cash flow analysis. 6. Repayment schedule (i.e. repayment of principal loan amount and interest). Other documents such as loan application form, security aspects, margin money requirements etc. are also examined. A field visit to the scheme area is undertaken for conducting a techno-economic feasibility study for appraisal of the scheme.  6.Sanction of Bank Loan and its Disbursement. After ensuring technical feasibility and economic viability, the scheme is sanctioned by the bank. The loan is disbursed in kind in 2 to 3 stages against creation of specific assets such as construction of sheds, purchase of equipments and machinery, purchase of animals and recurring cost on purchase of feeds/fodders for the initial period of one/two months. The end use of the funds is verified and constant follow-up is done by the bank. 7.Lending terms - General 7.1Outlay  Outlay of the project depends on the local conditions, unit size and the components included in the project. Prevailing market prices may be considered to arrive at the outlay. 7.2 Margin Money:  Margin depends on the category of the borrowers and range from 5 to 25%. 7.3 Interest Rate for ultimate borrower : Banks are free to decide the rates of interest within the overall guidelines. However, for working out the financial viability and bankability of the model projects we have assumed the rate of interest as 12 % p.a. 7.4 Security Security will be as per NABARD/RBI guidelines issued from time to time. 7.5 Repayment period of loan Repayment period depends upon the gross surplus in the scheme.  The loan will be repaid in suitable monthly/quarterly instalments usually within a period of five to seven years. 7.6Insurance The animals and capital assets may be insured annually or on long term master policy, where ever it is applicable. A model project with 10 buffaloes is given as Annexure II. This is indicative and the applicable input and output costs as also the parameters observed at the field level may be incorporated.

Murray Buffalo

It is true that the best dairy buffaloes like Murrah and Nili Ravi are found in India but all the dairy farmers in India know that they are not easily available and the reliability of animal and its true potential are often hard to guess before purchase of animal. We specialize in supply of Pure breeds of excellent lactating and pregnant buffaloes of following types:-
 Pure Murrah Buffaloes of excellent body confirmation, Good udder, tightly curled horns, dairy temperament and milk yield capacity of 2000 to 4000 liters in a lactation (10 – 20 kg. per day.)
 Pure Nili Ravi buffaloes with milk yield capacity of 2000 to 3600 liters in a lactation. ( 10 – 18 kg. per day)
 Pure Bhadavari Buffaloes of true type with milk yield capacity of 1300 to 1800 kg in a lactation. The average fat content in milk of Bhadavari buffalo is 10%+

The Murrah breed of Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is the premier milking buffalo. It is originally from Punjab and Haryana states of India and Punjab state of Pakistan, but has been used to improve the milk production of dairy buffalo in other countries, such as Italy, Bulgaria and Egypt. In Italy, it is the basis of Mozzarella cheese production, and therefore Italian Pizza. By Italian law, Mozzarella may only be made from buffalo milk, which is preferred for its very high butterfat content.
The animals are Jet black in color, sometimes with white markings on face or legs and have tightly curled horns. Bulls weigh 550 kg and cows 450 kg

It is an acknowledged fact that the buffalo is a better converter of coarse feeds into fat-rich milk even under harsh agro-climatic situations. Model Dairy Farm has the world’s best dairy type buffalo — the Murrah — capable of milk yields as high as 25 kg a day. The buffalo of Murrah breed, which is described as the “Asian tractor”, is in fact triple purpose animal — for milk, meat and work.

The Murrah buffalo is the finest genetic material of milk producing buffalo in the world. This breed has beaten the best dairy cows of the world in performance. India’s trade in dairy animals outside the country lends undoubtedly a great economic fillip to rural breeders of Murrah buffalo. Of the total production of milk of India, about 53 per cent comes from buffaloes, 43 per cent from cows and 4 per cent from goats and sheep. For cow milk, the average fat varies from 3 to 5 per cent and for buffalo milk from 7.5 to 9 per cent. In economic terms, therefore, the rearing of buffalo is advantageous than cow keeping.

Considering the above facts, advanced dairy countries are studying the economics of Murrah buffalo keeping. During the past one year, a United States dairy firm had purchased Murrah buffaloes, each yielding over 25 kg milk a day, at a cost of Rs 2.5 lakh each from India. This shows that rich countries will soon switch over to Murrah husbandry. Model Dairy has recently started a Murrah Buffalo Breeding and Research center at Kanpur with a purpose to improve the genetic potential of Murrah breed

SAHIWAL COW

Apart from jersey and Holstein pure Sahiwal and Brown Swiss cross cows can be arranged on order.

The Sahiwal originated in the dry Punjab region which lies along the Indian-Pakistani border. They were once kept in large herd by professional herdsmen called "Junglies". However with the introduction of irrigation to the region they began to be kept in smaller numbers by the farmers of the region, who used them as draft and dairy animals.
The Sahiwal is one of the best dairy breeds in India and Pakistan. It is tick-resistant, heat-tolerant and noted for its high resistance to parasites, both internal and external. Cows average 2270 kg of milk during a lactation while suckling a calf and much higher milk yields have been recorded. Due to their heat tolerance and high milk production they have been exported to other Asian countries as well as Africa and the Caribbean. As oxen they are generally docile and lethargic, making them more useful for slow work.

Their color can range from reddish brown through to the more predominant red, with varying amounts of white on the neck, and the underline. In males the color darkens towards the extremities, such as the head, legs and tails

JERSEY COW

 Jersey and Jersey cross cows with milk yield capacity of 3000 to 5000 liters per lactation. (15 to 25 liters per day).
 Jersey Heifers with pedigree records.

The Jersey breed originated on the Island of Jersey, a small British island in the English Channel off the coast of France. The Jersey is one of the oldest dairy breeds, having been reported by authorities as being purebred for nearly six centuries.
The breed was known in England as early as 1771 and was regarded very favorably because of its milk and butterfat production. At that early date, the cattle of Jersey Island were commonly referred to as Alderney cattle although the cattle of this island were later referred to only as Jerseys. Jersey cattle were brought to the United States in the 1850's.
Adaptable to a wide range of climatic and geographical conditions, outstanding Jersey herds are found from Denmark to Australia and New Zealand, from Canada to South America, and from South Africa to Japan. They are excellent grazers and perform well in intensive grazing programs. They are more tolerant of heat than the larger breeds. With an average weight of 900 pounds, the Jersey produces more pounds of milk per pound of body weight than any other breed. Most Jerseys produce far in excess of 13 times their bodyweight in milk each lactation.
The modern Jersey breed is unexcelled in dairy type. Additional emphasis on milk production and less stress on butterfat production had, no doubt, resulted in general acceptance of Jersey cows with more size and scale. Cows show very marked refinement about their heads and shoulders, carry long, straight top lines, and usually carry out long and level at the rump. For their size, they are usually deep in the body and full and deep in the barrel. There is no more appealing dairy animal than the well-balanced Jersey cow, and although usually somewhat more nervous in disposition than the other dairy cows, she is usually docile and rather easy to manage. Jersey cows usually have an extreme weight range of between 800 and 1200 pounds, but medium-sized cows are usually preferred.
Jersey bulls, while small as compared to the other dairy breeds, are extremely masculine. They are quite muscular about their crests and shoulders and are considerably less refined throughout than are the females. The same general qualities of straight lines and diary conformation as are found in the cows are desired in bulls. They usually range in weight from 1200 to 1800 pounds, but as in the females, medium weights are usually preferred. Jersey bulls are known for having the least docile temperament of the common breeds of cattle. It is folly to trust any dairy bull and particularly Jerseys past eighteen months of age.
Modern Jerseys may be of a wide range in color. There is little preference today between the solid and broken colors although most breeders slightly prefer the cattle with an unbroken color pattern. Most prefer the dark tongue and switch, but this is more a matter of an identification point than a point of discrimination. The color in Jerseys may vary from a very light gray or mouse color to a very dark fawn or a shade that is almost black. Both the bulls and females are commonly darker about the hips and about the head and shoulders than on the body. Most breeders slightly prefer the medium shades of color to the extremes, but nearly all of them realize that type and producing ability are far more important than the shade of color or whether the color is solid or broken.
Jersey and Jersey crossbreed cows are most suitable for those parts of India where availability of green fodder is scarce and extreme climatic conditions are observed. Average production for all Jersey cows reared at Model Dairy Farm in 2007-8 was 4000 kg. Average fat 4.8% and Average SNF 8.4%.

HF COW

 Holstein and Holstein Friesian cross Cows with milk yieid capacity of 3000 to 7000 liters in a lactation ( 15 to 40 liters milk per day)  Holstein Heifers with pedigree records  All the Holstein cows are Functional Type- “good feet and good udders”
 Holstein Heifers with pedigree records in excellent health and body structure are available for sale to dairy owners, cattle breeders and institutions.
The Holstein cow originated in Europe. The major historical development of this breed occurred in what is now the Netherlands and more specifically in the two northern provinces of North Holland and Friesland which lay on either side of the Zuider Zee. The original stock were the black animals and white animals of the Batavians and Friesians, migrant European tribes who settled in the Rhine Delta region about 2,000 years ago. For many years, Holsteins were bred and strictly culled to obtain animals which would make best use of grass, the area's most abundant resource. The intermingling of these animals evolved into an efficient, high-producing black-and-white dairy cow. Characteristics of Holsteins Holsteins are most quickly recognized by their distinctive color markings and outstanding milk production. Physical Characteristics Holsteins are large, stylish animals with color patterns of black and white or red and white. A healthy Holstein calf weighs 90 pounds or more at birth. A mature Holstein cow weighs about 1500 pounds and stand 58 inches tall at the shoulder. Holstein heifers can be bred at 15 months of age, when they weigh about 800 pounds. It is desirable to have Holstein females calve for the first time between 24 and 27 months of age. Holstein gestation is approximately nine months. While some cows may live considerably longer, the normal productive life of a Holstein is 12 years. Milk Production Average production for all Holsteins reared at Model Dairy Farm in 2007-8 was 6000 kg. Average fat 3.8% and Average SNF 8.35%.

Dairy Form

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